The morpholine ring bears utmost importance in synthetic chemistry and drug design1, since it can be found in numerous bioactive compounds. Analgesics Phenadoxone and Dextromoramide, antihypertensive Timolol, antidepressants Moclobemide and Reboxetine, antibiotics Linezolid and Finafloxacin, as well as the anticancer drug Gefitinib are all FDA approved drugs that contain a morpholine moiety. Using morpholine itself as a nucleophile is one of the most important techniques in the synthesis of such compounds. In this work, we present a large scale, two-step tandem technique for the synthesis of a Linezolid analogue key intermediate via the N-arylation of morpholine followed by a nitro group reduction2, in a flow reactor system that conveniently fits inside a single fume hood.
DownloadHigh Pressure CO2 activation in gas phase with the Phoenix Flow Reactor™
H-Cube® Mini Plus – Application Overview
Ethanol oxidation with heterogeneous catalysis in flow: a batch to flow conversion
Acetic acid is considered to be an important chemical commodity as both a solvent and Bronsted acid. Being one of the first organic molecules that was synthesized in history (Kolbe, 1845), there are a wide range of procedures for its manufacturing. Despite this fact, industrial scale production now requires more environmentally friendly solutions for its sustainable production.
Heterogeneous catalysis has been found to be a useful alternative method to the current Monsanto process industry currently utilizes. With the combination of ThalesNano’s Phoenix Flow Reactor™ and Gas Module™ a reactor system has been built, which is capable to control high temperature–high pressure triphasic gas-liquid-solid reactions providing a safe and efficient environment for organic chemists.
DownloadPolymerization and grafting onto particle surfaces via continuous flow chemistry
Polymer grafted inorganic particles are attractive building blocks for numerous chemical and material applications. Surface initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-RAFT) is one of the most feasible methods to fabricate these materials. However, conventional in-batch approaches still suffer from several disadvantages, such as time-consuming purification processes, inefficient grafting, and possible gelation problems. A facile method was demonstrated to synthesize homopolymers and block copolymer grafted inorganic particles using continuous flow chemistry in an environmentally friendly aqueous media using the Phoenix Flow Reactor.
DownloadSelective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl alcohol on a Pt nanoparticle based catalyst using the H-Cube® flow reactor
Selective catalytic hydrogenation of α–β-unsaturated aldehydes is an important step in the industrial preparation of fine chemicals and attracts much interest for fundamental research in catalysis. Cinnamyl alcohol plays an important role in the perfume and flavouring industries.
DownloadSonogashira and Suzuki reactions using H-Cube® continuous flow reactor
ThalesNano’s H-Cube® is mainly used to perform hydrogenation reactions, however it can also perform reactions in the absence of hydrogen. When utilizing the “No H2” mode, the H-Cube® acts like a general flow reactor capable of performing other heterogeneous reactions at temperatures and pressures up to 100°C and 100 bar respectively.
DownloadApplication note for ScavCarts™ – using H-Cube®
Metal contamination is a major problem for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. A large amount of time and
resource is spent purifying compounds after catalytic steps, so that the metal concentration is within the acceptable limit. Generally, the acceptable limit is 0.05-10 ppm, for those metals that are utilized in hydrogenation. Scavenger resins are often used for metal contamination purification. In this application note, we will demonstrate how the H-Cube® and a scavenger cartridge (ScavCart™) may be combined to perform a reaction and purification in 1 step.
Rapid library synthesis of biologically active compounds using the H-Cube® flow reactor
All medicinal chemistry programs require elegant and rapid synthetic techniques that can deliver novel building blocks from milligrams to several grams. The following application note demonstrates a number of alleviated library synthesis techniques, where the H-Cube® flow reactor afforded several high yield and selective building block syntheses for biological screening.
DownloadDeprotection reactions using the H-Cube® continuous flow reactor
Protecting groups play a central role in modern organic synthesis. The benzyl groups and benzyl carbamate or Cbz groups are some of the most commonly used protecting groups and play a central role in the protection of alcohols, carboxylic acids and amines. The benzyl and benzyl carbamate groups are removed using catalytic hydrogenation using elevated temperature. The H-Cube® is able to remove benzyl groups from amines, acids or alcohols very efficiently in one pass through a 10% Pd/C CatCart®. This application note gives examples of deprotection reactions performed on the H-Cube®.
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